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Marduk was often called the "Enlil of the gods" in the First Millennium. A statue of Marduk, conveniently named "King of the gods of Heaven and the Underworld" was placed in Enlil's sanctuary in Babylon, and Marduk receives the title bēl mātāti "king of the lands" in the Enuma Elish. [116]
The Dogon people believe the Earth goddess was made when Amma flung earth into the primordial void. [36] In a Madagascar myth, two gods create human beings: the earth god forms them from wood and clay, the god of heaven gives them life. Human beings die so that they may return to the origins of their being. [37]
Enlil, [a] later known as Elil and Ellil, is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms. [4] He is first attested as the chief deity of the Sumerian pantheon, [5] but he was later worshipped by the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Hurrians.
Enlil is enraged at Marduk's transgression and orders the gods of Eshumesha to take Marduk and the other Anunnaki as prisoners. [52] The Anunnaki are captured, [52] but Marduk appoints his front-runner Mushteshirhablim to lead a revolt against the gods of Eshumesha [53] and sends his messenger Neretagmil to alert Nabu, the god of literacy. [53]
Marduk is also described as the creator of human beings, which were meant to help the gods in defeating and holding off the forces of chaos and thus maintain order on Earth. [ 51 ] The Statue of Marduk was the physical representation of Marduk housed in Babylon's main temple, the Esagila . [ 51 ]
The myth begins with humans being created by the mother goddess Mami to lighten the gods' workload. She made them out of a mixture of clay, flesh, and blood from a slain god. Later in the story though, the god Enlil attempts to control overpopulation of humans through various methods, including famine, drought, and finally, a great flood.
Marduk used a net, a gift from Anu, to entangle Tiamat; Tiamat attempted to swallow Marduk, but 'the Evil Wind' filled her mouth. With the winds swirling within her she became distended. Marduk then shot his arrow, hitting her heart – she was slain. The other gods attempted to flee but Marduk captured them, broke their weapons, and netted them.
In the Enuma Elish (c. 12th century BCE), the god Marduk kills Tiamat, the mother of the gods, and, from the two halves of her carcass, constructs the heavens and the earth to shape the modern observable cosmos. [12] A document from a similar period stated that the heavens and the earth can each be divided into three layers.