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The elementary charge is exactly defined since 20 May 2019 by the International System of Units. Prior to this change, the elementary charge was a measured quantity whose magnitude was determined experimentally. This section summarizes these historical experimental measurements.
The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). [1] [2] It is defined to be equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1 ampere current in 1 second. It is used to define the elementary charge e. [2] [1]
The elementary charge e, i.e. the negative charge on a single electron or the positive charge on a single proton [3] 10 −18: atto-(aC) ~ 1.8755 × 10 −18 C: Planck charge [4] [5] 10 −17: 1.473 × 10 −17 C (92 e) – Positive charge on a uranium nucleus (derived: 92 x 1.602 × 10 −19 C) 10 −16: 1.344 × 10 −16 C: Charge on a dust ...
The electron charge-to-mass quotient, /, is a quantity that may be measured in experimental physics. It bears significance because the electron mass m e is difficult to measure directly, and is instead derived from measurements of the elementary charge e and /.
Related to the Faraday constant is the "faraday", a unit of electrical charge. Its use is much less common than of the coulomb, but is sometimes used in electrochemistry. [4] One faraday of charge is the charge of one mole of elementary charges (or of negative one mole of electrons), that is, 1 faraday = F × 1 mol = 9.648 533 212 331 001 84 × ...
where is the elementary charge, is the electron mass, is the speed of light, and is the permittivity of free space. [1] This numerical value is several times larger than the radius of the proton . In cgs units , the permittivity factor and 1 4 π {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4\pi }}} do not enter, but the classical electron radius has the same value.
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The oil drop experiment was performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron). [1] [2] The experiment took place in the Ryerson Physical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. [3] [4] [5] Millikan received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923. [6]