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During World War II, the Solid Fuels Administration for War operated government-seized coal mines, either directly or through cooperation with successive Coal Mines Administrations. [ 41 ] In the 1960s a series of mergers saw coal production shift from small, independent coal companies to large, more diversified firms.
Bevin Boys receiving training from an experienced miner at Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, February 1945. Bevin Boys were young British men conscripted to work in coal mines between December 1943 and March 1948, [1] to increase the rate of coal production, which had declined through the early years of World War II. [2]
A statue of a miner at the now-closed coal mine. The 1942 Betteshanger Miners' Strike took place in January 1942 at the Betteshanger colliery in Kent, England. The strike had its origins in a switch to a new coalface, No. 2. This face was much narrower and harder to work than the previous face and outputs were reduced.
A History Of Coal Mining In Great Britain (1882) Online at Open Library. Hatcher, John, et al. The History of the British Coal Industry (5 vol, Oxford U.P., 1984–87); 3000 pages of scholarly history John Hatcher: The History of the British Coal Industry: Volume 1: Before 1700: Towards the Age of Coal (1993). Michael W. Flinn, and David Stoker.
He was one of the most controversial and innovative leaders in the history of labor, gaining credit for building the industrial unions of the CIO into a political and economic powerhouse to rival the AFL, yet was widely criticized as he called nationwide coal strikes damaging the American economy in the middle of World War II. Coal miners for ...
The History of coal mining goes back thousands of years, with early mines documented in ancient China, the Roman Empire and other early historical economies. It became important in the Industrial Revolution of the 19th and 20th centuries, when it was primarily used to power steam engines, heat buildings and generate electricity.
The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and is the largest armed uprising since the American Civil War. [5] [6] The conflict occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, as part of the Coal Wars, a series of early-20th-century labor disputes in Appalachia.
Miners were often paid in "coal scrip", paper notes issued by mining companies that could only be redeemed at company-owned stores in company towns. [3] Mining is a dangerous profession overall, but between 1890 and 1912, West Virginia mines had the highest miner death rates in the country.