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Submerged floating tunnels can be anchored to the seafloor (left) or suspended from a pontoon (right) A submerged floating tunnel (SFT), also known as submerged floating tube bridge (SFTB), suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy (specifically, by employing the hydrostatic thrust, or Archimedes' principle).
Various methods are used to construct underwater tunnels, including an immersed tube and a submerged floating tunnel. The immersed tube method involves steel tube segments that are positioned in a trench in the sea floor and joined together. The trench is then covered and the water pumped from the tunnel. [2]
At its lowest point, it is 75 m (246 ft) below the sea bed and 115 m (377 ft) below sea level. [5] [6] [7] At 37.9 km (23.5 miles), it has the longest underwater section of any tunnel in the world and is the third-longest railway tunnel in the world. The speed limit for trains through the tunnel is 160 km/h (99 mph). [8]
The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (東京湾 アクアライン, Tōkyō-wan Akua-rain [9]), also known as the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway, is an expressway that is mainly made up of a bridge–tunnel combination across Tokyo Bay in Japan.
The Port of Miami Tunnel (also State Road 887) is a 4,200-foot (1,300 m) [3] bored, undersea tunnel in Miami, Florida.It consists of two parallel tunnels (one in each direction) that travel beneath Biscayne Bay, connecting the MacArthur Causeway on Watson Island with PortMiami on Dodge Island.
The bridge would be suspended above the sea at a height of between 30 and 70 meters, and would also allow the laying of pipes for water, oil and gas, as well as the accommodation of telecommunication cables. [25] [26] The idea received the support of the ex-governor of the Marche, Gian Mario Spacca.
Highway system Ocean Highway was a designation established early in the 20th century for a combination of roadways and water-crossings for motor vehicles which would generally traverse as close as possible to the Atlantic Ocean along the East Coast of the United States from Jacksonville, Florida to North Brunswick, New Jersey .
Named for nearby Fort McHenry, the tunnel is the lowest point in the Interstate Highway System under water. [2] Construction began in May 1980; the tunnel opened on November 23, 1985. Having consumed some $750 million (equivalent to $2.1 billion in 2023), it was the most expensive Interstate project until surpassed by the Big Dig in Boston. [3]