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In Latin grammar, a gerundive (/ dʒ ə ˈ r ʌ n d ɪ v /) is a verb form that functions as a verbal adjective. In Classical Latin , the gerundive has the same form as the gerund , but is distinct from the present active participle .
The gerundive of the verb (an adjectival form ending in -ndus) can be combined with the verb sum 'I am' to make a passive periphrastic tense. This usually expresses what is needing to be done: ego nec rogandus sum nec hortandus (Pliny) [1] 'I don't need to be asked or encouraged' (i.e. I will do it willingly)
Gerundive: audiendus (pl. audiendī) "needing to be heard" Gerund: audiendī "of hearing", audiendō "by /for hearing", ad audiendum "in order to hear" Principal parts of verbs in the fourth conjugation generally adhere to the following patterns: The perfect has suffix -vī. Verbs which adhere to this pattern are considered to be "regular ...
Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
Certain verbs in Latin have the form of a passive verb, but the meaning is active. These verbs are known as deponent verbs. [10] An example is the verb sequor 'I follow': (a) Infectum tenses Present: sequor 'I follow, I am following' Future: sequar 'I will follow, I will be following' Imperfect: sequēbar 'I was following, I used to follow' (b ...
A verb paradigm is a set of verbs that are selected according to features such as the number, speech role and gender of event participants. Number Hic Caesarem videt. (He's seeing Caesar.) Hī Caesarem vident. (They're seeing Caesar.) Speech role Ego Caesarem videō. (I'm seeing Caesar.) Tū Caesarem vidēs. (You're seeing Caesar.) Hic Caesarem ...
The gerundive periphrasis (aka periphrastic conjugation of the passive [3]) is composed of the sum auxiliary and a gerundive such as dūcendus. The auxiliary varies according to the speech role and number of the subject. ego : ā Caesare : dūcendus eram = I : needed to be led : by Caesar