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In February 2021, after conducting part of their study, the WHO stated that the likely origin of COVID-19 was a zoonotic event from a virus circulating in bats, likely through another animal carrier, and that the time of transmission to humans was likely towards the end of 2019.
[15] [16] On 2 December 2020, the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) gave temporary regulatory approval for the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine, [17] [18] becoming the first country to approve this vaccine and the first country in the Western world to approve the use of any COVID‑19 vaccine.
At the beginning of June 2021 the World Health Organization reported that COVID-19 vaccine shipments had ground to a "near halt" in Africa. [27] On 8 June, the Sudanese-British billionaire philanthropist Mo Ibrahim sharply criticized the international community for failing to ensure equitable vaccine distribution across the globe. [ 28 ]
Burkina Faso began its vaccination program on 2 June 2021, initially after receiving 115,200 doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 May 2021 through COVAX, [43] As of 14 June 2021, 17,775 doses have been administered. [44] followed by 302,400 doses of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine donated by the United States.
Zambia reported its first 2 cases of COVID-19 on 18 March. The patients were a couple that had travelled to France on holiday. [201] A third case was recorded on 22 March. The patient was a man who had travelled to Pakistan. [202] On 25 March, President Edgar Lungu confirmed a total of 12 cases.
A series of mishaps, and the trajectory of the pandemic in various parts of the world, impacted what could have been equitable global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. A look at what happened.
Once it did so, South Africa began vaccination using the Janssen vaccine in February 2021, [146] marking the vaccine's first use outside of a clinical trial. [ 181 ] In July 2020, Johnson & Johnson pledged to deliver up to three hundred million doses of its vaccine to the US, with one hundred million upfront and an option for twenty million more.
Prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pathogen infecting humans, there had been two previous zoonosis-based coronavirus epidemics, those caused by SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. [ 18 ] The first known infections from SARS‑CoV‑2 were discovered in Wuhan, China. [ 80 ]