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The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J.
To facilitate evaluation by consumers, food energy values (and other nutritional properties) in package labels or tables are often quoted for convenient amounts of the food, rather than per gram or kilogram; such as in "calories per serving" or "kcal per 100 g", or "kJ per package". The units vary depending on country:
Energy; system unit code (alternative) symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combinations SI: yottajoule: YJ YJ 1.0 YJ (2.8 × 10 17 kWh) zettajoule: ZJ ZJ 1.0 ZJ (2.8 × 10 14 kWh)
It is defined as one kilocalorie of energy (1000 thermochemical gram calories) per one mole of substance. The unit symbol is written kcal/mol or kcal⋅mol −1. As typically measured, one kcal/mol represents a temperature increase of one degree Celsius in one liter of water (with a mass of 1 kg) resulting from the reaction of one mole of reagents.
the small calorie (gram-calorie, cal) is 4.184 J exactly. It was originally defined so that the specific heat capacity of liquid water would be 1 cal/(°C⋅g). The grand calorie (kilocalorie, kilogram-calorie, food calorie, kcal, Cal) is 1000 small calories, 4184 J exactly. It was defined so that the specific heat capacity of water would be 1 ...
[1] [2] The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, kilocalorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). [1] [3] The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase in one milliliter of ...
Energy (system unit unit-code symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combination output units SI: gigajoule: GJ GJ 1.0 GJ (280 kWh) megajoule: MJ MJ 1.0 MJ (0.28 kWh)
This definition ultimately became the statement that 1 IT calorie is exactly 4.1868 J. [4] [8] The Btu is then calculated from the calorie as is done for the thermochemical definitions of the BTU and the calorie, as in International standard ISO 31-4 Quantities and units—Part 4: Heat and British Standard BS 350:Part 1:1974 Conversion factors ...