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  2. Axis–angle representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axisangle_representation

    The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axisangle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...

  3. Angular displacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement

    In three dimensions, angular displacement is an entity with a direction and a magnitude. The direction specifies the axis of rotation, which always exists by virtue of the Euler's rotation theorem; the magnitude specifies the rotation in radians about that axis (using the right-hand rule to determine direction). This entity is called an axis-angle.

  4. Rotation formalisms in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_formalisms_in...

    The angle θ which appears in the eigenvalue expression corresponds to the angle of the Euler axis and angle representation. The eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue of 1 is the accompanying Euler axis, since the axis is the only (nonzero) vector which remains unchanged by left-multiplying (rotating) it with the rotation matrix.

  5. Charts on SO (3) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charts_on_SO(3)

    The vector part of a unit quaternion represents the radius of the 2-sphere corresponding to the axis of rotation, and its magnitude is the sine of half the angle of rotation. Each rotation is represented by two unit quaternions of opposite sign, and, as in the space of rotations in three dimensions, the quaternion product of two unit ...

  6. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle): a clockwise rotation is a negative magnitude so a counterclockwise turn has a positive magnitude. A rotation is different from other types of motions: translations , which have no fixed points, and (hyperplane) reflections , each of them having an entire ( n − 1) -dimensional flat of ...

  7. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin; the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; [a] and; the azimuthal angle φ, which is the angle of rotation of the radial line around the polar axis. [b] (See graphic regarding the "physics convention".)

  8. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle .

  9. Quaternions and spatial rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial...

    3D visualization of a sphere and a rotation about an Euler axis (^) by an angle of In 3-dimensional space, according to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body or coordinate system about a fixed point is equivalent to a single rotation by a given angle about a fixed axis (called the Euler axis) that runs through the fixed point. [6]