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Brinzolamide (trade name Azopt) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brinzolamide was approved as a generic medication in the United States in November 2020. [2]
Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. [3] It is used as an eye drop. [3] Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours. [3] It is also available as the combination dorzolamide/timolol. [3] [4]
Open-angle glaucoma (a condition where the aqueous humour, the watery fluid inside the eyeball, cannot drain away properly) and other causes of high pressure in the eye increase the risk of damage to the retina and the optic nerve (the nerve that sends signals from the eye to the brain). [4]
Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [ 3 ]
Netarsudil, sold under the brand name Rhopressa among others, is a medication for the treatment of glaucoma. [1] [2] [3] In the United States, in December 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a 0.02% ophthalmic solution for the lowering of elevated intraocular pressure in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
It is reduced to dihydrolevobunolol, which is equally active, in the eye's tissues. The drug starts to lower intraocular pressure within an hour, reaches its maximum effect after two to six hours, and remains effective for up to 16 hours. It has an elimination half-life of six hours and is mainly excreted via the kidney. [2] [3]
Brimonidine is an α 2 agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. [4] [5] In rosacea it improves the redness. [5] It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin. [4] [5] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication brimonidine/timolol along with timolol maleate. [6]
Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). [5] This includes ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. [5] Latanaprost is applied as eye drops to the eyes. [5] Onset of effects is usually within four hours, and they last for up to a day. [5]