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Deinstitutionalisation is the process of reforming child care systems and closing down orphanages and children's institutions, finding new placements for children currently resident and setting up replacement services to support vulnerable families in non-institutional ways.
Plaque where once stood the ruota ("the wheel"), the place to abandon children at the side of the Chiesa della Pietà, the church of an orphanage in Venice.The plaque cites on a Papal bull by Paul III dated 12 November 1548, threatens "excommunication and maledictions" for all those who – having the means to rear a child – choose to abandon him/her instead.
Paragraph 22 states: "While recognizing that residential care facilities and family-based care complement each other in meeting the needs of children, where large residential care facilities (institutions) remain, alternatives should be developed in the context of an overall deinstitutionalization strategy, with precise goals and objectives ...
The modern deinstitutionalisation movement was made possible by the discovery of psychiatric drugs in the mid-20th century, which could manage psychotic episodes and reduced the need for patients to be confined and restrained. Another major impetus was a series of socio-political movements that campaigned for patient freedom.
[citation needed] Even before the regulations were passed, as a result of years of advocacy and awareness-raising, this principle of funding supporting 'deinstitutionalization' (DI) had already helped divert more than €367 million of EU funding away from institutions towards community services.
Children born in these years are popularly known as decreței, from the diminutive of the Romanian language word "decret", meaning "decree". This increase in the number of births resulted in many children being abandoned in orphanages, which were also occupied by people with disabilities and mental illnesses.
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit and the orphanage shut down to the outside world for about two years, the Slades kept dreaming about their coffee shop and the children at Orphanage Emmanuel.
Hope and Homes for children then began to pioneer the deinstitutionalisation of orphanages and children's homes. By March 2024, the charity had closed 139 institutions in more than 20 countries, prevented over 288,000 children entering or re-entering institutions and had helped to change childcare systems.