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Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.
Students from boarding schools were assigned to live with and work for European-American families, often during summers, ostensibly to learn more about English language, useful skills, and majority culture, but in reality, primarily as a source of unpaid labor. Many boarding schools continued operating into the 1960s and 1970s.
When the focus of boarding schools was the assimilation of Native Americans into American culture, the schools served a clear purpose. However, when the goal in the 1930s became economic self-sufficiency and self-determination, Belker felt that the boarding school had become obsolete.
The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition already had what was considered the most extensive list of boarding schools. The total now stands at 523 schools, with each dot on ...
An investigative report by the department found that at least 973 children died in these schools. The federally-run Indian boarding school system was designed to assimilate Native Americans "by ...
The U.S. Department of the Interior recently released the second volume of its boarding school initiative report, which documents the history of 417 federal Indian boarding schools and over 1000 ...
Choctaw Academy in Scott County, Kentucky, was the first such boarding school, but was initiated by Choctaw leaders and then funded by the U.S. government through the 1819 Civilization Fund Act. [7] Pratt had earlier supervised Native American prisoners of war, and supported some of them in gaining education at Hampton College.
A closer look at the federal boarding school system: 150 years of forced assimilation. Congress laid the framework for a nationwide boarding school system for Native Americans in 1819 under the 5th U.S. President, James Monroe, with legislation known as the Indian Civilization Act. It was purportedly aimed at stopping the “final extinction of ...
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