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In cartography, a Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) is an XML schema specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for describing the appearance of map layers. It is capable of describing the rendering of vector and raster data. A typical use of SLDs is to instruct a Web Map Service (WMS) how to render a specific layer.
To use the QGis palettes, simply copy-paste the code into a text document, then save as PALETTENAME.qml. Then, in QGis and while working on a layer : QGis > Layer > Properties > Load a style > [browse, select the .qml file, load] > Apply. It is advised to create a specific '/Mapcolors' folder to store these .qml files.
The QGis mapcolor files page already has some palettes you can copy, save as .qml, and use.. Save your first color style .qml file Done — section updated (2012/01). Copy-paste the following color code in an empty, plain text document (using something like Notepad or TextEdit), then save it in ./QGis/Mapcolors/ as Wikicarto_2.0.qml (the palette's name + .qml).
Using the toolbar: Simply click the icon corresponding to the layer type you want to add. You can also remove a layer by selecting it in the Layers window, right clicking on it, and clicking on Remove. Since the ETOPO1 data is a raster file, go ahead and add it to your project using whichever Add Raster Layer method you prefer.
Merge layers is based on their nature : vector or raster. This later ease later application of color style, layer management, and files/project sharing. For raster such as topographic data (SRTM, ETOPO, etc.), shaded relief, natural earth skin, ... use : QGis (1.6) > Raster > Merge > (merge window pop up)
The semantic layers including: the legends' icons and labels, the map scale, north arrow, localizator, the topographic legend. Most of the time, they are simply drag&drop added using Inkscape, then resized and moved to the exact size and place you want.
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QGIS displays raster or vector data in the projection you have him before indicated. To choose a projection to your project, QGIS 1.8 > Preferences > Project Properties > select the desired projection in the list. When you import your raster and vector layers in the current project, they should be displayed directly in the right projection (but ...