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Under this scenario, dark energy would ultimately tear apart all gravitationally bound structures, including galaxies and solar systems, and eventually overcome the electrical and nuclear forces to tear apart atoms themselves, ending the universe in a "Big Rip". On the other hand, dark energy might dissipate with time or even become attractive.
Pie chart showing the fractions of energy in the universe contributed by different sources. Ordinary matter is divided into luminous matter (the stars and luminous gases and 0.005% radiation) and nonluminous matter (intergalactic gas and about 0.1% neutrinos and 0.04% supermassive black holes).
Dark energy is one of the greatest mysteries in science today. One of the simplest explanations is that it is a “cosmological constant” – a result of the energy of empty space itself – an ...
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is an astronomical survey designed to constrain the properties of dark energy.It uses images taken in the near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared to measure the expansion of the universe using Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, the number of galaxy clusters, and weak gravitational lensing. [1]
To make that assumption work, astronomers have used the concept of dark energy. For a century, scientists have thought that the universe was expanding in all directions.
The researchers used a year of observations by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, which can capture light from 5,000 galaxies simultaneously.
The key value is the equation of state parameter w, the ratio between the dark energy pressure and its energy density. If −1 < w < 0, the expansion of the universe tends to accelerate, but the dark energy tends to dissipate over time, and the Big Rip does not happen. Phantom energy has w < −1, which means that its density increases as the ...
Recent research has shown that electron-electron (Bremsstrahlung) [13] leads first to an enrichment of high-energy electrons and subsequently enlarges the number of high-energy photons. Some of standard theoretical frameworks have been borrowed from other lightning-associated discharges like sprites, blue jets, and elves , which were discovered ...