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A merchant ship in heavy seas as a large wave looms ahead, Bay of Biscay, c. 1940. Rogue waves (also known as freak waves or killer waves) are large and unpredictable surface waves that can be extremely dangerous to ships and isolated structures such as lighthouses. [1]
The Bay of Biscay (/ ˈ b ɪ s k eɪ,-k i / BISS-kay, -kee) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal .
Brittany Ferries' MV Pont-Aven was struck by a wave estimated at between 40 and 50 feet (12 and 15 m) in height during a Force 9 gale in the Bay of Biscay on 21 May 2006. On 1 February 2007, Holland America 's cruise ship MS Prinsendam was hit by two 12-meter (39 ft) tall rogue waves near Cape Horn .
The landslide is directed southwestward and induces a wave train, with the 80 cubic kilometres (19 cu mi) collapse having a maximum wave height of 80 metres (260 ft). [66] At El Hierro the tsunami can shoal and rise to a height of 100 metres (330 ft), while the wave train surrounds La Palma and continues eastward with a height of 20–30 metres ...
The Celtic Sea [a] is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Ireland bounded to the north by Saint George's Channel; [1] other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, parts of Devon and Brittany.
Depending on context, wave height may be defined in different ways: For a sine wave, the wave height H is twice the amplitude (i.e., the peak-to-peak amplitude): [1] =.; For a periodic wave, it is simply the difference between the maximum and minimum of the surface elevation z = η(x – c p t): [1] = {()} {()}, with c p the phase speed (or propagation speed) of the wave.
The Degree (D) value has an almost linear dependence on the square root of the average wave Height (H) above, i.e., +. Using linear regression on the table above, the coefficients can be calculated for the low Height values ( λ L = 2.3236 , β L = 1.2551 {\textstyle \lambda _{L}=2.3236,\beta _{L}=1.2551} ) and for the high Height values ( λ H ...
The Bay of Biscay is a potential target area for deep water oil and gas drilling. Spectrum reinterpreted old seismic data in the region between 2014 and 2015, which was included in its "Atlantic Deep" dataset with a focus on sedimentary layers in Jurassic rifts.