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5α-Reductase inhibitors have minimal side effects and are well tolerated in both men and women. [219] [220] In men, the most common side effect is sexual dysfunction (0.9–15.8% incidence), which may include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and reduced ejaculate.
Side effects of HDE specific to men may include gynecomastia (breast development), feminization and demasculinization in general (e.g., reduced body hair, decreased muscle mass and strength, feminine changes in fat mass and distribution, and reduced penile and testicular size), and sexual dysfunction (e.g., reduced libido and erectile dysfunction).
Other side effects of estrogens include an increased risk of blood clots, cardiovascular disease, and, when combined with most progestogens, breast cancer. [1] In men, estrogens can cause breast development, feminization, infertility, low testosterone levels, and sexual dysfunction among others.
[10] [38] The estrogen component of oral contraceptives, which is almost always EE, can cause breast tenderness and fullness. [28] In males, EE has additional side effects, including gynecomastia (breast development), feminization in general, hypogonadism, infertility, and sexual dysfunction (e.g., reduced libido and erectile dysfunction).
As unopposed estrogen therapy (using estrogen alone without progesterone) increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women with intact uteruses, estradiol is usually combined with a progestogen like progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate to prevent the effects of estradiol on the endometrium.
Side Effects from Finasteride’s Impact on Testosterone. ... which can then be converted into estrogen. This may shift the hormonal balance between androgens and estrogens toward having too much ...
Lighter Side. Politics. Science & Tech. ... between the two hormones shifts, too. “Before menopause, the main hormone is estrogen, and after menopause, androgens like testosterone become more ...
Side effects of EES in men include breast tenderness, gynecomastia, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and cardiovascular complications, among others. [ 5 ] [ 2 ] EES is a synthetic estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor , the biological target of estrogens like estradiol .