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The rise of caste-based mobilisation allowed marginalized caste groups to move past the mere consolations of legislative abolition, extending caste into the political frameworks. [3] The term refers to the 'second democratic upsurge' from the late 1980s with high voter turnout and representation of lower-caste communities in state and national ...
The term Dalit is for those called the "untouchables" and others that were outside of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. [6] [7] Economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) said that untouchability came into Indian society around 400 CE, due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and Brahmanism. [8]
The racial understanding of caste has largely been debated by scholars, with some like Dr. B. R. Ambedkar arguing that caste differences between higher caste Aryans and lower cast native-Indians being more due to religious factors. While the term remains contended, it is widely understood that this racial assessment is based on the way lower ...
Many political parties in India have indulged in caste-based votebank politics. Parties such as Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), the Samajwadi Party and the Janata Dal claim that they are representing the backward castes, and rely on OBC support, often in alliance with Dalit and Muslim support, to win elections. [ 316 ]
Members of Qazi family (Urdu: خاندان قاضی), of Sindh in politics: Qazi Abdul Majeed Abid (Qazi Abid), a four-time Federal Minister, Sindh Provincial Minister, and son of Qazi Abdul Qayyum; Fahmida Mirza, Speaker of the National Assembly, former Acting President of Pakistan, three-time Member of the National Assembly, and daughter of ...
In the early 18th century, Gondals resided in the tract of land between Jhelum and Chenab, roughly from present-day Shahpur to Gujrat.In his Nadir Shah di Vaar, Gondals are mentioned by the poet Najabat, who witnessed the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739, to be one of the several Punjabi tribes who confronted the Persian army under their leaders Dilloo and Saidoo and did not allow it to pass ...
Barādarī, or Birādrī or Biraderi (Urdu: برادری), means Brotherhood and originates from the Persian word برادر Baradar, meaning "Brother". In Pakistan and India, it is used to denote a number of clans among South Asian Muslims.
Jats, Punjabi Khatris and Brahmins dominated politics in Delhi for many decades. [ 13 ] Numerically high, the ethnic Punjabis of all dialects and castes are believed to account for at least 35% to 40% of Delhi's total population, [ 14 ] and are predominantly Hindi -speaking Punjabi Hindus with significant population being Punjabi -speaking Sikhs .