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(PDF) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" by C. E. Shannon (reprint with corrections) hosted by the Harvard Mathematics Department, at Harvard University. Original publications: The Bell System Technical Journal 1948-07: Vol 27 Iss 3. AT & T Bell Laboratories. 1948-07-01. pp. 379– 423., The Bell System Technical Journal 1948-10: Vol 27 ...
The language of mathematics or mathematical language is an extension of the natural language (for example English) that is used in mathematics and in science for expressing results (scientific laws, theorems, proofs, logical deductions, etc.) with concision, precision and unambiguity.
They use the telephone as a transmitter, which produces an electric signal that is sent through the wire as a channel. The person receiving the call is the destination and their telephone is the receiver. Shannon and Weaver distinguish three types of problems of communication: technical, semantic, and effectiveness problems. They focus on the ...
Around 300 BC, Euclid organized mathematical knowledge by way of postulates and first principles, which evolved into the axiomatic method that is used in mathematics today, consisting of definition, axiom, theorem, and proof. [78] His book, Elements, is widely considered the most successful and influential textbook of all time. [79]
Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information.Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only transmits meaning but also creates it.
The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past.Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.
The preceding kinds of definitions, which had prevailed since Aristotle's time, [4] were abandoned in the 19th century as new branches of mathematics were developed, which bore no obvious relation to measurement or the physical world, such as group theory, projective geometry, [3] and non-Euclidean geometry.
What underlies every definition is a Platonic Form, the common nature present in different particular things. Thus, a definition reflects the ultimate object of understanding, and is the foundation of all valid inference. This had a great influence on Plato's student Aristotle, in particular Aristotle's notion of the essence of a thing. [44]