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The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur (r. 1526–1530), a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of both Timur and Genghis Khan. The Mughal emperors had significant Indian and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Persian princesses. [2] [3] [4]
The name was chosen for Babur by the Sufi saint Khwaja Ahrar, who was the spiritual master of his father. [21] The difficulty of pronouncing the name for his Central Asian Turco-Mongol army may have been responsible for the greater popularity of his nickname Babur, [ 22 ] also variously spelled Baber , [ 23 ] Babar , [ 24 ] and Bābor . [ 5 ]
Name Term of office Notable events Emperor Amir Nizamuddin Khalifa: 21 April 1526 17 May 1540 1st Battle of Panipat. Battle of Khanwa. Babur (1526 – 1530) & Humayun (1530 – 1540) Qaracha Khan: 1540 ? He was a governor of Qandahar and Humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of the Mughal State. Humayun (1530 – 1556) Bairam Khan [3] 1556 March ...
The closest to an official name for the empire was Hindustan, which was documented in the Ain-i-Akbari. [28] Mughal administrative records also refer to the empire as "dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān), [29] "country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind), "Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah) as observed in the epithet of Emperor Aurangzeb [30] or endonymous identification from ...
The final section of the Bāburnāma covers the years 1525 to 1529 and the establishment of the Mughal Empire over what was by his death still a relatively small part of north-western India, which Babur's descendants would expand and rule for three centuries.
Mughal family tree. This section needs additional citations for verification. ... Babur (1526-1530) 2. Humayun (1508 –1556) Masuma Sultan Begum: Kamran Mirza
The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
Aurangzeb's Deccan campaign saw one of the largest death tolls in South Asian history, with an estimated 4.6 million people killed during his reign, Muslims and Hindus alike. [119] An estimated of 2.5 million of Aurangzeb's army were killed during the Mughal–Maratha Wars (100,000 annually during a quarter-century), while 2 million civilians ...