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The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801; 2 Stat. 89, and officially An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States) expanded the federal judiciary of the United States. [1] The act was supported by the John Adams administration and the Federalist Party. [1]
Marshall took office during the final months of John Adams's presidency. His appointment entrenched Federalist power within the judiciary. The Judiciary Act of 1801 also established several new court positions that were filled by President Adams, but the act was largely repealed after the Democratic-Republicans took control of the government in the 1800 elections.
Judiciary Act of 1801, also called the Midnight Judges Act; Judiciary Act of 1802, repealed the 1801 Act; Judiciary Act of 1866, gradually reduced circuit and Supreme Court seats; Judiciary Act of 1867, also called the Habeas Corpus Act of 1867, amended sec. 25 of the Act of 1789 regarding Supreme Court review of state court rulings
Stuart v. Laird, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 299 (1803), was a case decided by United States Supreme Court notably a week after its famous decision in Marbury v. Madison.. Stuart dealt with a judgment of a circuit judge whose position had been abolished by the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801.
Circuit riding was one of the responsibilities of U.S. Supreme Court justices during the Marshall Court (1801–1835). Under the Judiciary Act of 1801, the United States federal judicial districts were divided into six (and later seven) United States circuit courts—one for each justice.
(Judiciary Act of 1789) Sess. 1, ch. 20 1 Stat. 73: 21: September 29, 1789: Regulation of Process in the Courts of the United States. An Act to regulate Processes in the Courts of the United States. Sess. 1, ch. 21 1 Stat. 93: 22: September 29, 1789: Act for the Registering and Clearing Vessels, and Regulating the Coasting Trade, explained and ...
The Judiciary Act of 1802 (2 Stat. 156) was a Federal statute, enacted on April 29, 1802, to reorganize the federal court system.It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801, which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress but then repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802.
After being swept out of power in 1800 by Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party, Federalists focused their hopes for the survival of the republic upon the federal judiciary. The lame-duck session of the 6th Congress approved the 1801 Judiciary Act, which created a set of federal appeals courts between the district courts and the Supreme ...