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The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801; 2 Stat. 89, and officially An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States) expanded the federal judiciary of the United States. [1] The act was supported by the John Adams administration and the Federalist Party. [1]
Marshall took office during the final months of John Adams's presidency. His appointment entrenched Federalist power within the judiciary. The Judiciary Act of 1801 also established several new court positions that were filled by President Adams, but the act was largely repealed after the Democratic-Republicans took control of the government in the 1800 elections.
The District was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New Jersey and the United States District Court for the Western District of New Jersey on February 13, 1801, by the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, [43] with the judicial districts being headquartered in New Brunswick and Burlington, respectively.
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Judiciary Act of 1801, also called the Midnight Judges Act; Judiciary Act of 1802, repealed the 1801 Act; Judiciary Act of 1866, gradually reduced circuit and Supreme Court seats; Judiciary Act of 1867, also called the Habeas Corpus Act of 1867, amended sec. 25 of the Act of 1789 regarding Supreme Court review of state court rulings
The Judiciary Act of 1802 (2 Stat. 156) was a Federal statute, enacted on April 29, 1802, to reorganize the federal court system.It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801, which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress but then repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802.
Circuit riding was one of the responsibilities of U.S. Supreme Court justices during the Marshall Court (1801–1835). Under the Judiciary Act of 1801, the United States federal judicial districts were divided into six (and later seven) United States circuit courts—one for each justice.
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