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Runway 13R at Palm Springs International Airport An MD-11 at one end of a runway. In aviation, a runway is an elongated, rectangular surface designed for the landing and takeoff of an aircraft. [1] Runways may be a human-made surface (often asphalt, concrete, or a mixture of both) or a natural surface (grass, dirt, gravel, ice, sand or salt).
Runway confusion is when a single aircraft uses the wrong runway, or a taxiway, for takeoff or landing. [7] Runway confusions are considered a subset of runway incursions. Three major factors that increase the risk of runway confusion include airport complexity, close proximity of runway thresholds, and joint use of a runway as a taxiway.
A typical runway safety area, marked in brown color. A runway safety area (RSA) or runway end safety area (RESA, if at the end of the runway) is defined as "the surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, [1] overshoot, or excursion from the runway."
If three or more parallel runways exist, as is the case at Bankstown Airport in Australia, then the middle runway(s) can, for obvious reasons, only be used when either a straight in approach is used or when the aircraft joins the pattern from a very wide base leg.
A runway incursion is an aviation incident involving improper positioning of vehicles or people on any airport runway or its protected area. When an incursion involves an active runway being used by arriving or departing aircraft, the potential for a collision hazard or instrument landing system (ILS) interference can exist.
A pilot's view of Lisbon Airport's runway 21 in fog; runway visual range is about 200 m (660 ft). In aviation, the runway visual range (RVR) is the distance over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of the runway can see the runway surface markings delineating the runway or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.
A three-runway airport, for instance, would require the acquisition of 500 to 1,000 parcels. There are also between 150 to 400 acres of wetlands and floodplains on the site, the analysis found.
Federal Aviation Regulations part 139.5 states, "Movement area means the runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport that are used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and aircraft parking areas."