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Prognosis is very poor when IVH results from intracerebral hemorrhage related to high blood pressure and is even worse when hydrocephalus follows. [1] It can result in dangerous increases in ICP and can cause potentially fatal brain herniation. [1] Even independently, IVH can cause morbidity and mortality.
[2] [3] It overlies the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, [4] and is involved in the secretion of vasopressin. [2] The VOLT monitors the presence of peptides and macromolecules in the bloodstream, and conveys the information to the hypothalamus. [3] It is one of the three sensory circumventricular organs of the brain. [5] The other four ...
The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles. [6] The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum, the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus, and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the
The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a fluid–brain barrier that is composed of a pair of membranes that separate blood from CSF at the capillary level and CSF from brain tissue. [14] The blood–CSF boundary at the choroid plexus is a membrane composed of epithelial cells and tight junctions that link them. [ 14 ]
The ependyma and vascular pia mater – the tela choroidea, form regions of minute projections known as a choroid plexus that projects into each ventricle. [1] [2] The choroid plexus produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord ...
The leptomeningeal collateral circulation (also known as leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collaterals) is a network of small blood vessels in the brain that connects branches of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA, and PCA), [1] with variation in its precise anatomy between individuals. [2]
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. [8] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output . [ 9 ] This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute.
Both cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow depend on several important parameters, including cerebrovascular resistance, intracranial pressure, and mean arterial pressure. [1] The ratio between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume can be an accurate predictor of decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, thereby predicting cerebral ...