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Total viable count (TVC), gives a quantitative estimate of the concentration of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast or mould spores in a sample.The count represents the number of colony forming units (cfu) per g (or per ml) of the sample.
Total viable organism (or TVO) is a term used in microbiology to quantify the amount of microorganisms present in a sample. [1] Each sample is usually cultured on a variety of agar plates (petri dishes) often containing different types of selective media. The colony-forming units (CFUs) are calculated after allowing time for growth.
Theoretically, one viable cell can give rise to a colony through replication. However, solitary cells are the exception in nature, and in most cases the progenitor of a colony is a mass of cells deposited together. [1] [2] In addition, many bacteria grow in chains (e.g. Streptococcus) or clumps (e.g., Staphylococcus). Estimation of microbial ...
When given, the inactive bacteria and antigens trigger the immune response and mimic natural infection. Due to the frequent reports of reactions at the injection site, scientists started to replace whole-cell vaccines with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines which have, recently, shown a decreased time of immunity and level of protection against ...
In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. [1] An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection.
Human microbiota are microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea) found in a specific environment. They can be found in the stomach, intestines, skin, genitals and other parts of the body. [1] Various body parts have diverse microorganisms. Some microbes are specific to certain body parts and others are associated with many microbiomes.