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The first de facto Lord (Italian: Signore) in the history of the Republic of Florence was Cosimo de' Medici.Thanks to his moderate policy, Cosimo managed to maintain power for over thirty years until his death, ruling the state silently through his trusted men and thus allowing the consolidation of his family, the Medici, in the government of Florence.
On 1 October 1936, General Francisco Franco was proclaimed "Leader of Spain" (Spanish: Caudillo de España) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. At the end of the war, on 1 April 1939, Franco took control of the whole of Spain, ending the Second Republic.
List of Aragonese monarchs; List of viceroys of Aragon (alias lieutenants) List of Asturian monarchs; List of emirs of Badajoz; List of counts of Barcelona; List of Castilian monarchs; List of caliphs of Córdoba; List of Galician monarchs; List of Nasrid sultans of Granada; List of Leonese monarchs; List of monarchs of Majorca; Ra'îs of Manûrqa
The following is the family tree of the Spanish monarchs starting from Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon till the present day. The former kingdoms of Aragon (see family tree), Castile (see family tree) and Navarre (see family tree) were independent kingdoms that unified in 1469 as personal union, with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, to become the Kingdom of Spain (de ...
This is a list of Spanish heads of state, that is, kings and presidents that governed the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. The forerunners of the Spanish throne were the following: Kings of Asturias; Kings of Navarre; Kings of León; Kings of Galicia; Kings of Aragon; Kings of Castile
Cosimo's family, the Medici dynasty, had been ruling the Florentine Republic, the predecessor of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, since 1434, first as Lords of Florence and later as Dukes. [2] The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics given by a Pope to the Medici family, the first being that of ...
Politically, Florence was barely able to maintain peace between its competing factions. The precarious peace that existed at the beginning of the century was destroyed in 1216 when two factions, known as the Guelphs and the Ghibellines, began to war. The Ghibellines were supporters of the noble rulers of Florence, whereas the Guelphs were ...
This category contains monarchs of states which ruled areas of modern Spain for at least part of their existence, whether or not the individuals concerned had a Spanish identity in the modern sense. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monarchs of Spain .