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  2. Conatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conatus

    Conatus is, for Baruch Spinoza, where "each thing, as far as it lies in itself, strives to persevere in its being." [a]In the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, conatus (/ k oʊ ˈ n eɪ t ə s /; wikt:conatus; Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself.

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Equivocation – using a term with more than one meaning in a statement without specifying which meaning is intended. [21] Ambiguous middle term – using a middle term with multiple meanings. [22] Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. [23]

  4. Sabr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabr

    Sabr (Arabic: صَبْرٌ, romanized: ṣabr) (literally 'endurance' or more accurately 'perseverance' and 'persistence' [1]) is one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr) in Islam. [2] It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition ...

  5. Category mistake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_mistake

    Al Martinich claims that the philosopher Thomas Hobbes was the first to discuss a propensity among philosophers mistakenly to combine words taken from different and incompatible categories. [ 3 ] The term "category mistake" was introduced by Gilbert Ryle in his book The Concept of Mind (1949) to remove what he argued to be a confusion over the ...

  6. Grit (personality trait) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grit_(personality_trait)

    Grit enables a person to persevere in accomplishing a goal despite obstacles over an extended period. [4] When compared with the construct of persistence, grit adds the component of passion for the goal. [18] This goal-passion contributes to the ability of the person to sustain effort over the long term. hardiness

  7. List of commonly misused English words - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commonly_misused...

    To levy is to impose (1) a tax, fine or other assessment, or (2) a military draft; as a noun, a levy is an assessment or army thus gathered. The two words share a common root, but they are not considered interchangeable in Standard English. Because they are homophones, misuse is usually only apparent when observed in writing.

  8. Perseveration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseveration

    Perseveration, in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and speech–language pathology, is the repetition of a particular response (such as a word, phrase, or gesture) regardless of the absence or cessation of a stimulus. It is usually caused by a brain injury or other organic disorder. [1]

  9. List of religious slurs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_slurs

    The term derives from preachers thumping their hands down on the Bible, or thumping the Bible itself, to emphasize a point during a sermon. The term's target domain is broad and can often extend to anyone engaged in a public show of religion, fundamentalist or not. The term is frequently used in English-speaking countries. [4] Cafeteria Christian