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Most stars visible to the naked eye are within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun, with the most distant at a few thousand parsecs, and the Andromeda Galaxy at over 700,000 parsecs. [3] The word parsec is a shortened form of a distance corresponding to a parallax of one second, coined by the British astronomer Herbert Hall Turner in 1913. [4]
For objects within the immediate neighborhood of the Sun, the absolute magnitude M and apparent magnitude m from any distance d (in parsecs, with 1 pc = 3.2616 light-years) are related by = = (), where F is the radiant flux measured at distance d (in parsecs), F 10 the radiant flux measured at distance 10 pc.
1.495 978 707 × 10 11 ... ≈ 4.848 136 811 13 × 10 −6 parsecs: ... The invention of the telescope allowed far more accurate measurements of angles than is ...
The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf star Gliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun. [4] It is currently predicted to pass 0.1696 ± 0.0065 ly (10 635 ± 500 au) from the Sun in 1.290 ± 0.04 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System's Oort ...
Absolute magnitude is defined as the apparent magnitude that a star or object would have if it were observed from a distance of 10 parsecs (33 light-years; 3.1 × 10 14 kilometres; 1.9 × 10 14 miles). Therefore, it is of greater use in stellar astrophysics since it refers to a property of a star regardless of how close it is to Earth.
Prominent stars in the neighborhood of the Sun (center) This list of nearest bright stars is a table of stars found within 15 parsecs (48.9 light-years) of the nearest star, the Sun, that have an absolute magnitude of +8.5 or brighter, which is approximately comparable to a listing of stars more luminous than a red dwarf.
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Within 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years), there are 106 exoplanets listed as confirmed by the NASA Exoplanet Archive. [ note 1 ] [ 3 ] Among the over 500 known stars and brown dwarfs within 10 parsecs, [ 4 ] [ note 2 ] around 60 have been confirmed to have planetary systems; 51 stars in this range are visible to the naked eye, [ note 3 ] [ 6 ...