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In the New York City school system, regulated by a civil service examination, only 8 percent of teachers and 3 percent of administrators were black. [23] Following Brown v. Board, 4,000 students in Ocean Hill–Brownsville were bused to white schools, where they complained of mistreatment. [24]
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, enacted five months after the New York City school boycott, included a loophole that allowed school segregation to continue in major northern cities including New York City, Boston, Chicago and Detroit. [4] As of 2018, New York City continues to have the most segregated schools in the country. [9]
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985. ISBN 0-394-41150-1. McAndrews, Lawrence J. "Missing the bus: Gerald Ford and school desegregation." Presidential Studies Quarterly 27.4 (1997): 791–804 Online. Rubin Lillian B., Busing and Backlash: White Against White in an Urban School District. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1972.
Last year, close to 26,000 students took the exam with just over 4,000 offered a seat. Of that, 4.5% of offers went to Black students and 7.6% to Latino students, according to city data.
Initially, Catholic schools in the South generally followed the pattern of segregation in public schools, sometimes enforced by law. However, most Catholic dioceses began moving ahead of public schools to desegregate. Prior to the desegregation of public schools, St. Louis was the first city to desegregate its Catholic schools in 1947. [35]
This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 391 U.S. 430 (1968), was an important United States Supreme Court case involving school desegregation. Specifically, the Court dealt with the freedom of choice plans created to avoid compliance with the Supreme Court's mandate in Brown II in 1955. [1]
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