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The parathyroid glands are two pairs of glands usually positioned behind the left and right lobes of the thyroid. Each gland is a yellowish-brown flat ovoid that resembles a lentil seed, usually about 6 mm long and 3 to 4 mm wide, and 1 to 2 mm anteroposteriorly. [ 1 ]
The parathyroid glands, of which there are 4–6, are found on the back of the thyroid glands, and secrete parathyroid hormone, [2] This causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. The parathyroid hormone is the antagonist of calcitonin. Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by falling blood ...
Typically, four parathyroid glands, two on each side, lie on each side between the two layers of the thyroid capsule, at the back of the thyroid lobes. [4] The thyroid gland is covered by a thin fibrous capsule, [4] which has an inner and an outer layer.
Chief cells in parathyroid adenomas also display acid phosphatase activity. [5] It is a benign tumor of the gland that requires surgical removal. [13] These benign adenomas are typically affect only one or two of the parathyroid glands, known respectively as a single adenoma or double adenoma. Typically, no disease is linked to the cause. [14]
The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs .
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine. [5] PTH influences bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt ...
Olfactory glands, Bowman's glands nose, olfactory region mucous 27 Paneth cells: small intestine: serous 28 Gley's glands, Sandstroem's glands, parathyroid gland: in the neck parathyroid hormone: 29 Parietal cell: stomach: hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor: dynamic canaliculi 30 Parotid gland: mouth: saliva tubulo-alveolar 31 Peyer's patches ...
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae).