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Conditions comorbid to autism. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, persists throughout adulthood, and affects two crucial areas of development: social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. [1] There are many conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorder, such ...
The pathophysiology of autism is the study of the physiological processes that cause or are otherwise associated with autism spectrum disorders. Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain. [ 1 ] How autism occurs is not yet well understood. Its mechanism can be divided into two areas: the ...
This lower-than-normal B12 profile persisted throughout life in the brain tissues of patients with autism. These deficiencies are not visible by conventional blood sampling. As for the classic deficiency of vitamin B12, it would affect up to 40% of the population, its prevalence has not yet been studied in autism spectrum disorders. Vitamin B12 ...
Prenatal viral infection has been called the principal non-genetic cause of autism. Prenatal exposure to rubella or cytomegalovirus activates the mother's immune response and may greatly increase the risk for autism in mice. [71] Congenital rubella syndrome is the most convincing environmental cause of autism. [72]
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [1] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled. [3][4] Physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and ...
The heritability of autism is the proportion of differences in expression of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis. Although the genetics of autism are complex, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is ...
Medical genetics. Lujan–Fryns syndrome (LFS) is an X-linked genetic disorder that causes mild to moderate intellectual disability and features described as Marfanoid habitus, referring to a group of physical characteristics similar to those found in Marfan syndrome. [4][5] These features include a tall, thin stature and long, slender limbs. [5]
The autism spectrum may comprise a small set of disorders that converge on a few common molecular pathways, or it may be a large set of disorders with diverse mechanisms. [13] Autism appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems. [14] Some factors may disturb the timing of brain development rather ...