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Stem cells are cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998. [1] In humans there are many types of stem cells, each with varying levels of potency. Potency is a measure of a cell's differentiation potential, or the number of other cell types that can be made from that stem cell.
Stem cell laws are the law rules, and policy governance concerning the sources, research, and uses in treatment of stem cells in humans. These laws have been the source of much controversy and vary significantly by country. [1] In the European Union, stem cell research using the human embryo is permitted in Sweden, Spain, Finland, Belgium ...
Stem cell research policy varies significantly throughout the world. There are overlapping jurisdictions of international organizations, nations, and states or provinces. Some government policies determine what is allowed versus prohibited, whereas others outline what research can be publicly financed. Of course, all practices not prohibited ...
e. Proposition 71 of 2004 (or the California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act) is a law enacted by California voters to support stem cell research in the state. It was proposed by means of the initiative process and approved in the 2004 state elections on November 2. The Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Health and Safety ...
The Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005 ( Pub. L. 109–129 (text) (PDF)) is a United States federal law that assigns the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services to create a national stockpile of cord blood stem cells, and rewrites provisions within the Public Health Service Act to account for cord blood and bone marrow ...
The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 ( S. 5 ), was proposed federal legislation that would have amended the Public Health Service Act to provide for human embryonic stem cell research. It was similar in content to the vetoed Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005. The bill passed the Senate on April 11, 2007, by a vote of 63–34 ...
Embryonic stem cells make up a significant proportion of a developing embryo, while adult stem cells exist as minor populations within a mature individual (e.g. in every 1,000 cells of the bone marrow, only one will be a usable stem cell). Thus, embryonic stem cells are likely to be easier to isolate and grow ex vivo than adult stem cells. [36]
Stem cell tourism is the part of the medical tourism industry in which patients travel to obtain stem cell procedures. [110] The United States has had an explosion of "stem cell clinics". [111] Stem cell procedures are highly profitable for clinics. The advertising sounds authoritative but the efficacy and safety of the procedures is unproven.