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The magic bullet is a scientific concept developed by the German Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in 1907. [1] While working at the Institute of Experimental Therapy (Institut für experimentelle Therapie), Ehrlich formed an idea that it could be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria), which cause diseases in the body, without harming the body itself.
Schematic of therapeutic bacteria strategies against hypoxic tumors After systemic administration, bacteria localize to the tumor microenvironment. The interactions between bacteria, cancer cells, and the surrounding microenvironment cause various alterations in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines, which further facilitate tumor regression. ① Bacterial toxins from S ...
Stereoisomers of Soman, a G-series nerve agent and suicide inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.Note the non-carbon chiral center.. In biochemistry, suicide inhibition, also known as suicide inactivation or mechanism-based inhibition, is an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analog and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond ...
Excitotoxicity can occur from substances produced within the body (endogenous excitotoxins).Glutamate is a prime example of an excitotoxin in the brain, and it is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. [14]
Bacteria involved in causing and treating cancers. Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. [1] While cancer-associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic (i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself), there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic.
Specialty drugs, a recent classification of pharmaceuticals, are high-cost drugs that are often biologics. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The European Medicines Agency uses the term advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) for medicines for human use that are "based on genes, cells, or tissue engineering", [ 10 ] including gene therapy medicines, somatic ...
Coley's toxins (also called Coley's toxin, [1] Coley's vaccine, [2] Coley vaccine, Coley's fluid or mixed bacterial vaccine) is a mixture containing toxins filtered from killed bacteria of species Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens, named after William Coley, a surgical oncologist at the Hospital for Special Surgery who developed the mixture in the late 19th century as a treatment ...
In contrast, tolerant bacteria have the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as susceptible bacteria, [3] and differ in the duration of the treatment that they can survive. Antibiotic tolerance can be caused by a reversible physiological state in a small subpopulation of genetically identical cells, [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 10 ] similar to a ...