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Hepburn romanization (Japanese: ヘボン式ローマ字, Hepburn: Hebon-shiki rōmaji, lit. ' Hepburn-style Roman letters ' ) is the main system of romanization for the Japanese language . The system was originally published in 1867 by American Christian missionary and physician James Curtis Hepburn as the standard in the first edition of his ...
Kunrei-shiki romanization (Japanese: 訓令式ローマ字, Hepburn: Kunrei-shiki rōmaji), also known as the Monbusho system (named after the endonym for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) or MEXT system, [1] is the Cabinet-ordered romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet.
James Curtis Hepburn (/ ˈ h ɛ p b ər n /; March 13, 1815 – September 21, 1911) was an American physician, educator, translator and lay Christian missionary.He is known for the Hepburn romanization system for transliteration of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet, which he popularized in his Japanese–English dictionary.
Romanizes double vowels per the standard outlined in Hepburn Romanization. Implemented in Template:Hepburn - Please use this instead of using this directly. It enforces subst for this *very* costly module. Any double vowels will get converted to a long vowel, ou will get converted to ō.
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Randall Barry (ed.) ALA-LC Romanization Tables U.S. Library of Congress, 1997, ISBN 0-8444-0940-5. (One of the few printed books with lists of romanizations) U.S. Library of Congress Romanization Tables in PDF format; UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems; Unicode Transliteration Guidelines Archived 2009-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
hy is used in Hepburn romanization of the Japanese language to transcribe the sound /ç/, which is the syllable hi before a y-vowel, such as hya, hyu, and hyo, which appear in Chinese loanwords. Was also used in Portuguese until 1947. It appeared in words like: Hydroginástica and Hypóthese.
The romanization system published in this edition is often considered authoritative for fixing the Modified Hepburn, also known as Revised Hepburn romanization. 4th Edition (Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary/新和英大辞典 第四版) (1974): Includes 80000 headwords, 100000 compound words and sentences, 50000 examples.