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In the human liver, bile is composed of 97–98% water, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids, and lecithin), and 200 meq/L inorganic salts. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The two main pigments of bile are bilirubin , which is orange-yellow, and its oxidised form biliverdin , which is green.
Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [ 1 ]
Fecal vomiting or copremesis is a kind of vomiting wherein the material vomited is of fecal origin. It is a common symptom of gastrojejunocolic fistula and intestinal obstruction in the ileum . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fecal vomiting is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain , abdominal distension , dehydration , and diarrhea .
Nausea and vomiting associated with migraine headaches respond best to dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and chlorpromazine. [22] In cases of gastroenteritis, serotonin antagonists such as ondansetron were found to suppress nausea and vomiting, as well as reduce the need for IV fluid resuscitation. [ 22 ]
Yellow or green: Indicates an infection often by a virus or bacteria. The color is caused by an enzyme produced by the white blood cells combating the infection. Clear: Indicates allergies. Mucous membranes produce histamines and make more phlegm. Red: Indicates dry air. A nasal spray can be used to alleviate symptoms of a dry nose and throat.
The liquid waste was brownish yellow in color, and had a foul, offensive odor. The liquid human waste went into passengers' eyes, mouths, hair, and onto clothing and personal belongings, many of which were soaked. Some of the passengers suffered nausea and vomiting as a result of exposure to the human waste. [8]
Vomiting iron supplements can also mimic coffee grounds to the untrained eye. [1] Diseases such as Ebola, yellow fever, viral hepatitis, haemophilia B, fatty liver disease and cancers of stomach, pancreas, esophagus and, rarely, retrograde jejunogastric intussusception might also be the reason behind coffee-ground vomitus. [2] [3]
Cyanide, in the form of pure liquid prussic acid (a historical name for hydrogen cyanide), was the favored suicide agent of Nazi Germany. Erwin Rommel (1944), Adolf Hitler 's wife, Eva Braun (1945), [ 66 ] and Nazi leaders Heinrich Himmler (1945), possibly Martin Bormann (1945), and Hermann Göring (1946) all died by suicide by ingesting it.