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A fermentation lock or fermentation airlock is a device used in beer brewing and wine making that allows carbon dioxide released during fermentation to escape the fermenter, while not allowing air to enter the fermenter, thus avoiding oxidation. There are two main designs for the fermentation lock. These designs work when half filled with water.
A carboy, also known as a demijohn or a lady jeanne, is a rigid container with a typical capacity of 4 to 60 litres (1 to 16 US gal). [1] [2] Carboys are primarily used for transporting liquids, often drinking water or chemicals. [3] They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine.
Airlocks can be small-scale mechanisms, such as those used in fermenting, or larger mechanisms, which often take the form of an antechamber. An airlock may also be used underwater to allow passage between the air environment in a pressure vessel , such as a submarine , and the water environment outside.
Secondary fermentation would take place when the wine is transferred to a second container such as a carboy or oak barrel. Secondary fermentation is a process commonly associated with winemaking , [ 1 ] which entails a second period of fermentation in a different vessel than the one used to start the fermentation process.
Digby's technique produced wine bottles which were stronger and more stable than most of their day, and protected the contents from light due to their green or brown translucent, rather than clear transparent, color. [2] These early bottles, usually referred to as "shaft and globe" bottles, evolved into the onion bottle shape by the 1670s.
Alternative wine closures are substitute closures used in the wine industry for sealing wine bottles in place of traditional cork closures. The emergence of these alternatives has grown in response to quality control efforts by winemakers to protect against " cork taint " caused by the presence of the chemical trichloroanisole (TCA).