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In ecology, functional equivalence (or functional redundancy) is the ecological phenomenon that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups can share similar, if not identical, roles in ecosystem functionality (e.g., nitrogen fixers, algae scrapers, scavengers). [1] This phenomenon can apply to both plant and animal taxa.
The optimal paths for the fastest can be found using the Wencell-Freidlin functional in the Large-deviation theory. These paths correspond to the short-time asymptotics of the diffusion equation from a source to a target. In general, the exact solution is hard to find, especially for a space containing various distribution of obstacles.
Relatively high diversity levels are still observed despite the use of enrichment steps when working from environmental samples, [18] likely due to the high functional redundancy observed in environmental microbial communities, being a key asset of their functional stability.
Functional redundancy refers to the phenomenon that species in the same ecosystem fill similar roles, which results in a sort of "insurance" in the ecosystem. Redundant species can easily do the job of a similar species from the same functional niche. [13] This is possible because similar species have adapted to fill the same niche overtime.
The species of rare biosphere can offer the gene pool that can be activated under changing conditions, thus keeping the ecosystem functional. [4] Members of the rare biosphere have been recognised as important drivers of many key ecosystem functions, for example providing bioavailable nitrogen in marine and soil environment.
MicrobesOnline is a publicly and freely accessible website that hosts multiple comparative genomic tools for comparing microbial species at the genomic, transcriptomic and functional levels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] MicrobesOnline was developed by the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, which is based at the Lawrence Berkeley National ...
In this case, the redundant part of the gene remains in the genome due to the proximity to the area that codes for the unique function. [17] The reason redundant genes remain in the genome is an ongoing question and gene redundancy is being studied by researchers everywhere. There are many hypotheses in addition to the backup and piggyback models.
The immune system of the host, e.g., via the secretion of specific antimicrobial peptides, [87] [88] is one way of performing this selection in both marine and terrestrial holobionts. [1] Another way of selecting a holobiont microbial community is by chemically mediated microbial gardening.