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Oxygen is a chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and a potent oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds.
The chemical elements can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.All elemental metals have a shiny appearance (at least when freshly polished); are good conductors of heat and electricity; form alloys with other metallic elements; and have at least one basic oxide.
Amphid salts was a name given by Jons Jacob Berzelius in the 19th century for chemical salts derived from the 16th group of the periodic table which included oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. [76] The term received some use in the early 1800s but is now obsolete. [77] The current term in use for the 16th group is chalcogens.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Elements are placed in the periodic table according to their electron configurations, [38] the periodic recurrences of which explain the trends in properties across the periodic table. [39] An electron can be thought of as inhabiting an atomic orbital, which characterizes the probability it can be found in any particular region around the atom.
The properties of the elements are often summarized using the periodic table, which powerfully and elegantly organizes the elements by increasing atomic number into rows in which the columns share recurring ("periodic") physical and chemical properties. The table contains 118 confirmed elements as of 2021.
It also reacts readily with oxygen, forming PuO and PuO 2 as well as intermediate oxides; plutonium oxide fills 40% more volume than plutonium metal. The metal reacts with the halogens, giving rise to compounds with the general formula PuX 3 where X can be F, Cl, Br or I and PuF 4 is also seen. The following oxyhalides are observed: PuOCl ...
On a standard periodic table, all eleven elements are in a diagonal region of the p-block extending from boron at the upper left to astatine at lower right. Some periodic tables include a dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and the metalloids may be found close to this line.