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Fortran has five intrinsic data types: INTEGER, REAL, COMPLEX, LOGICAL and CHARACTER.Each of those types can be additionally characterized by a kind.Kind, basically, defines internal representation of the type: for the three numeric types, it defines the precision and range, and for the other two, the specifics of storage representation.
is how one would use Fortran to create arrays from the even and odd entries of an array. Another common use of vectorized indices is a filtering operation. Consider a clipping operation of a sine wave where amplitudes larger than 0.5 are to be set to 0.5. Using S-Lang, this can be done by y = sin(x); y[where(abs(y)>0.5)] = 0.5;
Unlike object orientation which implicitly breaks down data to its constituent parts (or scalar quantities), array orientation looks to group data and apply a uniform handling. Function rank is an important concept to array programming languages in general, by analogy to tensor rank in mathematics: functions that operate on data may be ...
F retains the array features added in Fortran 90, and removes control statements that were made obsolete by structured programming constructs added to both FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90. F is described by its creators as "a compiled, structured, array programming language especially well suited to education and scientific computing". [ 71 ]
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
Silverfrost FTN95: Fortran for Windows is a compiler for the Fortran programming language for computers running Microsoft Windows. It generates executable programs from human-written source code for native IA-32 Win32 , x86-64 (from version 8.00 [ 1 ] ) and for Microsoft's .NET platform .
Each copy has its own set of data objects and is termed an image. The array syntax of Fortran is extended with additional trailing subscripts in square brackets to provide a concise representation of references to data that is spread across images. The CAF extension was implemented in some Fortran compilers such as those from Cray (since ...
New Fortran statements, such as FORALL, and the ability to create PURE (side effect free) procedures; Compiler directives for recommended alignment and distribution of array data (influenced by the earlier Fortran D [1] [2] and Vienna Fortran research efforts) Compiler directive for specifying processor arrangements (e.g., rank, extent, etc.)