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A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter. This system, marketed as Pulse Air, was used by American Motors, Chrysler, and other manufacturers beginning in the 1970s. The aspirator provided advantages in cost ...
The 3-way catalytic converter that has been successfully used since the 1980s on stoichiometric engines (such as fueled by petrol, LPG, CNG, or ethanol) will not function at O 2 levels in excess of 1.0%, and does not function well at levels above 0.5%.
Catalytic converter, which also catalyzes NO x conversion but does not use urea or ammonia; Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) or AdBlue; Exhaust gas recirculation versus selective catalytic reduction; Environmental engineering; Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) NOx adsorber (LNT) Vehicle emissions control
High surface area facilitates catalytic reaction or filtration. The open spaces in the cross-sectional area are 72 to 87% of the frontal area, so resistance to the flow of gases through the holes is low, which minimizes energy consumed forcing gases through the structure. The monolith is a substrate that supports a catalyst.
Carl D. Keith and John J. Mooney (right) at the award ceremony for the National Medal of Technology and Innovation for the invention, application and commercialization of the three-way catalytic converter (2003) Mooney was elected a Fellow of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in 1990 for his efforts in exhaust emission control.