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Vertical, metal furring is applied to the wall to create a channel and receive the siding material. In construction, furring (furring strips) are strips of wood or other material applied to a structure to level or raise the surface, to prevent dampness, to make space for insulation, to level and resurface ceilings or walls, [1] or to increase the beam of a wooden ship.
The use of cold-formed steel members in building construction began in the 1850s in both the United States and Great Britain. In the 1920s and 1930s, acceptance of cold-formed steel as a construction material was still limited because there was no adequate design standard and limited information on material use in building codes.
A variety of different types of heavy-duty clips are used to fasten the rails to the underlying baseplate, one common one being the Pandrol fastener (Pandrol clip), named after its maker, which is shaped like a stubby paperclip. [40] Another one is the Vossloh Tension Clamp. [41] Clips are an alternative to spikes.
The Pandrol clip was patented in 1957 by a Norwegian railways engineer, Per Pande-Rolfsen. It is now common worldwide. The original clip is now called the PR-clip, which was superseded by a system called E-Clip. Numerous other products made by Pandrol have been designed to work in conjunction with the E-Clip. [3] [4] [5]
Following the occupation of the Philippines by the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War, the American military government issued regular stamps overprinted with the word "Philippines", for postal purposes. Stamps issued on June 30, 1899, were used up to August 1906, when the American civil government that supplanted the ...
An R-clip, also known as an R-pin, R-key, hairpin cotter pin, [1] hairpin cotter, [2] bridge pin, [2] hitch pin clip [3] [4] or spring cotter pin, [5] is a fastener made of a durable but flexible material, commonly hardened metal wire, resembling the shape of the letter "R".
The revolutionary republic of Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the issuance of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100-peso banknotes which were signed by Messrs. Pedro A. Paterno, Telesforo Chuidan and Mariano Limjap to avoid counterfeiting. However, only the 1 and 5-peso banknotes have been printed and circulated to some areas by the end of the short-lived First ...
The Philippine Presidential Unit citation Badge [1] [2] is a unit decoration of the Republic of the Philippines. It has been awarded to certain units of the United States military and the Philippine Commonwealth military for actions both during and subsequent to the Second World War .