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For example, the 1s subshell is filled before the 2s subshell is occupied. In this way, the electrons of an atom or ion form the most stable electron configuration possible. An example is the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3 for the phosphorus atom, meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2p ...
The fill factor of an image sensor array is the ratio of a pixel's light sensitive area to its total area. For pixels without microlenses, the fill factor is the ratio of photodiode area to total pixel area, [1] but the use of microlenses increases the effective fill factor, often to nearly 100%, by converging light from the whole pixel area into the photodiode.
The following outline is provided as a topical overview of science; the discipline of science is defined as both the systematic effort of acquiring knowledge through observation, experimentation and reasoning, and the body of knowledge thus acquired, the word "science" derives from the Latin word scientia meaning knowledge.
A gas-filled tube, also commonly known as a discharge tube or formerly as a Plücker tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope. Gas-filled tubes exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases , and operate by ionizing the gas with an applied voltage sufficient to cause ...
The proportion of space filled by the spheres is called the packing density of the arrangement. As the local density of a packing in an infinite space can vary depending on the volume over which it is measured, the problem is usually to maximise the average or asymptotic density, measured over a large enough volume.
State of charge (SoC) quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing. [1] It is usually expressed as percentage (0% = empty; 100% = full). An alternative form of the same measure is the depth of discharge , calculated as 1 − SoC (100% = empty; 0% = full).
The pores that are too large to have any significant capillary force. Unless impeded, water will drain from these pores, and they are generally air-filled at field capacity. Macropores can be caused by cracking, division of peds and aggregates, as well as plant roots, and zoological exploration. [3] Size >75 μm. [4]
An example is the capacitance of a capacitor constructed of two parallel plates both of area separated by a distance . If d {\textstyle d} is sufficiently small with respect to the smallest chord of A {\textstyle A} , there holds, to a high level of accuracy: C = ε A d ; {\displaystyle \ C=\varepsilon {\frac {A}{d}};}