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The judiciary of Italy is composed of courts and public prosecutor offices responsible for the administration of justice in the Italian Republic. These offices are occupied by judges and prosecutors respectively, who are known as magistrates .
The main parties to a criminal trial are the judge, [1] the defendant, [2] and the prosecutor (the Pubblico Ministero). [3] There are other parties that are optional, and they are: the Polizia Giudiziaria (Judiciary Police, a branch of the police whose duty is to help a prosecutor during his investigations), [4] the parte lesa (the injured party), [5] the responsabile civile (civilly liable ...
Within Europe, Italy is placed at 8th in terms of law enforcement per 100 thousand people, surpassing the continental average of 335 units. [2] Italy is known for being a country with a higher number of regional differences than some of its fellow nations; for example, the southern region has much higher activity of organized crime, whereas the northern regions of Italy have had relatively ...
In Italian law, the main regulatory body for criminal law is the Italian penal code, which is one of the sources of Italian criminal law together with the Constitution and special laws. [25] The Italian penal code was approved with Royal decree no. 1,398 of 19 October 1930, entered into force on 1 July 1931 [ 26 ] and has been amended several ...
Vatican City, an independent state, does not have a prison system, so the Vatican sends convicted criminals to the Italian prison system. [ 1 ] According to Interpol , this force (as part of the Ministry of Justice) has a "nationwide remit for prison security, inmate safety and transportation".
Polizia di Stato on duty in Piazza di Spagna, Rome, in 2007. The Polizia di Stato (State Police) is the civil national police of Italy. Along with patrolling, investigative and law enforcement duties, it patrols the Autostrade (Italy's Express Highway network), and oversees the security of railways, bridges, and waterways.
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The main feature of the inquisitorial system in criminal justice in France, and other countries functioning along the same lines, is the function of the examining or investigating judge (juge d'instruction), also called a magistrate judge. The examining judge conducts investigations into serious crimes or complex inquiries.