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Simplified atomic structure of the NV center. The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond.Its most explored and useful properties include its spin-dependent photoluminescence (which enables measurement of the electronic spin state using optically detected magnetic resonance), and its relatively long (millisecond) spin ...
The trapping rate is the highest for the C centers, 8 times lower for the A centers and 30 times lower for the B centers. [90] The C center (single nitrogen) by trapping a vacancy forms the famous nitrogen-vacancy center, which can be neutral or negatively charged; [91] [92] the negatively charged state has potential applications in quantum ...
Early vacuum experimenters found a rather surprising behavior. An arc would sometimes take place in a long irregular path rather than at the minimal distance between the electrodes. For example, in air, at a pressure of one atmosphere, the distance for minimal breakdown voltage is about 7.5 μm. The voltage required to arc this distance is 327 ...
A vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) is a form of pressure vessel that allows the bulk storage of cryogenic liquids including oxygen, nitrogen and argon for industrial processes and medical applications. [1] The purpose of the vacuum insulation is to prevent heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liquid, and surrounding ...
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure Uncertainties of several degrees should generally be assumed.
VSA typically draws the gas through the separation process with a vacuum. For oxygen and nitrogen VSA systems, the vacuum is typically generated by a blower. Hybrid vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) systems also exist. VPSA systems apply pressurized gas to the separation process and also apply a vacuum to the purge gas.
Ultra-high vacuum (often spelled ultrahigh in American English, UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 1 × 10 −6 pascals (1.0 × 10 −8 mbar; 7.5 × 10 −9 Torr). UHV conditions are created by pumping the gas out of a UHV chamber.
The vacuum over the sample is then replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. The collection vessel or still receiver can then be removed and stoppered. Finally, a fresh collection vessel can be added to the system, evacuated, and linked back to the distillation system through the taps to collect the next fraction.