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Bottom images are spatial photoluminescence (PL) maps before and after application of +20 V voltage to a planar Schottky diode. The top image outlines the experiment. The PL maps reveal the conversion of individual NV 0 centers into NV − centers that appear as bright dots. [11] The nitrogen-vacancy center is a point defect in the diamond lattice.
The trapping rate is the highest for the C centers, 8 times lower for the A centers and 30 times lower for the B centers. [90] The C center (single nitrogen) by trapping a vacancy forms the famous nitrogen-vacancy center, which can be neutral or negatively charged; [91] [92] the negatively charged state has potential applications in quantum ...
The inert-gas line is vented through an oil bubbler, while solvent vapors and gaseous reaction products are prevented from contaminating the vacuum pump by a liquid-nitrogen or dry-ice/acetone cold trap. Special stopcocks or Teflon taps allow vacuum or inert gas to be selected without the need for placing the sample on a separate line. [3]
A vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) is a form of pressure vessel that allows the bulk storage of cryogenic liquids including oxygen, nitrogen and argon for industrial processes and medical applications. [1] The purpose of the vacuum insulation is to prevent heat transfer between the inner shell, which holds the liquid, and surrounding ...
A self-pressurising dewar (silver) being filled with liquid nitrogen from a larger storage tank (white). A cryogenic storage dewar (or simply dewar) is a specialised type of vacuum flask used for storing cryogens (such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium), whose boiling points are much lower than room temperature.
The vacuum over the sample is then replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. The collection vessel or still receiver can then be removed and stoppered. Finally, a fresh collection vessel can be added to the system, evacuated, and linked back to the distillation system through the taps to collect the next fraction.
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Nitrogen Cycle.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0 . 2009-09-27T05:47:47Z Raeky 800x600 (298078 Bytes) outlines for text
VSA typically draws the gas through the separation process with a vacuum. For oxygen and nitrogen VSA systems, the vacuum is typically generated by a blower. Hybrid vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) systems also exist. VPSA systems apply pressurized gas to the separation process and also apply a vacuum to the purge gas.