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Thagomizer on mounted Stegosaurus tail. A thagomizer (/ ˈ θ æ ɡ ə m aɪ z ər /) is the distinctive arrangement of four spikes on the tails of stegosaurian dinosaurs. These spikes are believed to have been a defensive measure against predators. [1] [2] The arrangement of spikes originally had no distinct name.
The most derived species, like Stegosaurus, Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus, have very large and flat back plates. Stegosaurid plates have a thick base and central portion, but are transversely thin elsewhere. The plates become remarkably large and thin in Stegosaurus. They are found in varying sizes along the dorsum, with the central region of ...
Stegosaurus longispinus was named by Charles W. Gilmore in 1914 based on a fragmentary postcranial skeleton that has largely been lost. [61] [8] It is now the type species of the genus Alcovasaurus, though it has been referred to Miragaia. [62] [61] Stegosaurus madagascariensis from Madagascar is known solely from teeth and was described by ...
Apex is the largest and most complete known Stegosaurus skeleton as of 2024, with 254 bones preserved out of approximately 319.It measures 3.4 meters (11 ft) in height and 8.2 meters (27 ft) in length. [1]
Galton and Carpenter considered Alcovasaurus a member of the Stegosauridae, not more closely related to Kentrosaurus than to Stegosaurus. [1] However, a 2017 phylogeny of stegosaurids by Thomas Raven and Susannah Maidment found that Alcovasaurus lacked the fusion between the trochanters of the femur seen in adult eurypodans (stegosaurians and ankylosaurians), which means that it cannot be ...