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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle, and many other tissues of many organisms. At the neuromuscular junction they are ...
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR, also known as "ionotropic" acetylcholine receptors) are particularly responsive to nicotine. The nicotine ACh receptor is also a Na +, K + and Ca 2+ ion channel. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR, also known as "metabotropic" acetylcholine receptors) are particularly responsive to muscarine.
They are named for chemicals that can selectively activate each type of receptor without activating the other: muscarine is a compound found in the mushroom Amanita muscaria; nicotine is found in tobacco. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels permeable to sodium, potassium, and calcium ions. In other words, they are ...
The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits. [1] As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, functional α7 receptors are pentameric [i.e., (α7) 5 stoichiometry]. It is located in the brain, spleen, and ...
The farther the micropipette was from the motor endplate, the smaller the depolarization was in the muscle fiber. This allowed the researchers to determine that the nicotinic receptors were localized to the motor endplate in high density. [4] [5] Toxins are also used to determine the location of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular ...
A 2015 review noted that stimulation of the α4β2 nicotinic receptor is responsible for certain improvements in attentional performance; [62] among the nicotinic receptor subtypes, nicotine has the highest binding affinity at the α4β2 receptor (k i =1 nM), which is also the biological target that mediates nicotine's addictive properties. [63]
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor, [ 1 ] is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β4 subunits. [ 2 ][ 3 ] It is located in the autonomic ganglia [ 4 ] and adrenal medulla, [ 5 ] where activation yields post- and/or presynaptic excitation ...
Its physiological effects stem from the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. [56] The α4β2 nicotinic receptor subtype is the main nicotinic receptor subtype. [57] Nicotine activates brain receptors which produce sedative as well as pleasurable effects. [58]