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  2. Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the...

    The Bill of Rights in the National Archives. The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights.It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be ...

  3. Expectation of privacy (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation_of_privacy...

    In United States constitutional law, expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of the privacy protections of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It is related to, but is not the same as, a right to privacy, a much broader concept which is found in many legal systems (see ...

  4. Katz v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katz_v._United_States

    Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court redefined what constitutes a "search" or "seizure" with regard to the protections of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. [1] The ruling expanded the Fourth Amendment's protections from an individual's "persons, houses ...

  5. Exclusionary rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusionary_rule

    The Fourth Amendment, after all, was partly a reaction against English law including the general warrant and the writs of assistance. [7] In the 1886 case of Boyd v. United States, [9] the U.S. Supreme Court addressed compulsory production of business papers, and the Court excluded those papers based on a combination of the Fourth and Fifth ...

  6. Plain view doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_view_doctrine

    Plain view doctrine. In the United States, the plain view doctrine is an exception to the Fourth Amendment 's warrant requirement [1] that allows an officer to seize evidence and contraband that are found in plain view during a lawful observation. The doctrine is also regularly used by Transportation Security Administration officers while ...

  7. United States v. Dunn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Dunn

    United States v. Dunn. United States v. Dunn. The area near the barn is not within the curtilage of the house for Fourth Amendment purposes. U.S. Const. amend. IV. United States v. Dunn, 480 U.S. 294 (1987), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision relating to the open fields doctrine limiting the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

  8. Open-fields doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-fields_doctrine

    The open-fields doctrine (also open-field doctrine or open-fields rule), in the U.S. law of criminal procedure, is the legal doctrine that a " warrantless search of the area outside a property owner's curtilage " does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, "unless there is some other legal basis for the ...

  9. Warrantless searches in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrantless_searches_in...

    Warrantless searches are searches and seizures conducted without court-issued search warrants.. In the United States, warrantless searches are restricted under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, which states, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not ...