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Critical regionalism. Critical regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter the placelessness and lack of identity of the International Style, but also rejects the whimsical individualism and ornamentation of Postmodern architecture. The stylings of critical regionalism seek to provide an architecture rooted in the modern ...
Hostile architecture[a] is an urban-design strategy that uses elements of the built environment to purposefully guide behavior. It often targets people who use or rely on public space more than others, such as youth, poor people, and homeless people, by restricting the physical behaviours they can engage in. [1] The term hostile architecture is ...
The Architects' Resistance ( TAR) is a group formed in 1968 by architecture students from Columbia University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale University. The group was formed as "a communications network, a research group, and an action group . . . concerned about the social responsibility of architects and the framework ...
An HSM in PCIe format. A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. [1] These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in ...
Resilience is a multi-facet property, covering four dimensions: technical, organization, social and economic. [6] Therefore, using one metric may not be representative to describe and quantify resilience. In engineering, resilience is characterized by four Rs: robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity.
Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant (and hence a reduction of disease), while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels. Disease outcome is determined by the three-way interaction of the pathogen, the ...
The term 'seismic architecture' or 'earthquake architecture' was first introduced in 1985 by Robert Reitherman. [16] The phrase “earthquake architecture” is used to describe a degree of architectural expression of earthquake resistance or implication of architectural configuration, form or style in earthquake resistance.
A building project in Wuhan, China, demonstrating the relationship between the inner load-bearing structure and an exterior glass curtain wall. Curtain walls are also used on residential structures. A curtain wall is an exterior covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, instead serving to protect the interior of the ...