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Diabetes medication. Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic ...
Metformin is a pleiotropic drug, with extensive off-target activity beyond its antidiabetic effect. Much of this has been attributed to its action on AMPK, although other mechanisms have been proposed. [ 214 ][ 215 ] Metformin has been studied for its effects on multiple other conditions, including:
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars (monosaccharides) by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining the intestine, enabling ...
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006.
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [13][14] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin. 1921 Research on the role of pancreas in ...
It was the first oral treatment, in combination with insulin, to treat type 1 diabetes in the UK and EU. Empagliflozin, approved in the United States in August 2014, under the brand name Jardiance by Boehringer Ingelheim. [30] Of the gliflozins, empagliflozin and tofogliflozin have the highest specificity for SGLT2 inhibition. [1]
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