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Drug expiration. Drug expiration is the date after which a drug might not be suitable for use as manufactured. Consumers can determine the shelf life for a drug by checking its pharmaceutical packaging for an expiration date. Drugs which are past their shelf life can decompose [1] and either be ineffective [2] or even harmful. [2]
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (C max) to half of C max in the blood plasma. [1][2][3][4][5] It is denoted by the abbreviation . [2][4] This is used to measure the removal of ...
Elimination (pharmacology) In pharmacology, the elimination or excretion of a drug is understood to be any one of a number of processes by which a drug is eliminated (that is, cleared and excreted) from an organism either in an unaltered form (unbound molecules) or modified as a metabolite. The kidney is the main excretory organ although others ...
One 2013 study found that women with metal hip replacements were 29% more likely than men to experience implant failure, possibly due to anatomical differences and inadequate testing in women. And ...
A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate therapeutic level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long ...
Determines whether drug is safe to check for efficacy. Phase II: Testing of drug on participants to assess efficacy and side effects Therapeutic dose Clinical researcher 100–300 participants with a specific disease Approx. 28.9% Determines whether drug can have any efficacy; at this point, the drug is not presumed to have any therapeutic effect
Elimination rate constant. The elimination rate constant K or Ke is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug is removed from the human system. [1] It is often abbreviated K or Ke. It is equivalent to the fraction of a substance that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant and has units of T −1.
A V D greater than the total volume of body water (approximately 42 liters in humans [5]) is possible, and would indicate that the drug is highly distributed into tissue. In other words, the volume of distribution is smaller in the drug staying in the plasma than that of a drug that is widely distributed in tissues. [6]