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The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
A Continuous Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (COBR) is a specially designed chemical reactor to achieve plug flow under laminar flow conditions. Achieving plug flow has previously been limited to either a large number of continuous stir tank reactors (CSTR) in series or conditions with high turbulent flow.
Stirred tank bioreactors are systems further developed to two compartment systems to provide a fundamental structure for Scale down bioreactors. Two commonly used developed systems are cells which are circulated between either two stirred tank reactors (STR–STR), or from a STR through a plug flow reactor (STR–PFR).
Reactors can be divided into two broad categories, batch reactors and continuous reactors. [1] Batch reactors are stirred tanks sufficiently large to handle the full inventory of a complete batch cycle. In some cases, batch reactors may be operated in semi batch mode where one chemical is charged to the vessel and a second chemical is added slowly.
The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the ...
When a reactor is brought into operation, either for the first time or after a shutdown, it is in a transient state, and key process variables change with time. There are three idealised models used to estimate the most important process variables of different chemical reactors: Batch reactor model, Continuous stirred-tank reactor model (CSTR), and
Continuous flow reactors allow good control over reaction conditions including heat transfer, time, and mixing. The residence time of the reagents in the reactor (i.e. the amount of time that the reaction is heated or cooled) is calculated from the volume of the reactor and the flow rate through it:
General structure of a continuous stirred-tank type bioreactor. On the basis of mode of operation, a bioreactor may be classified as batch, fed batch or continuous (e.g. a continuous stirred-tank reactor model). An example of a continuous bioreactor is the chemostat. [citation needed]